PHENYLEPHRINE AND EPHEDRINE

 Structure Elucidation of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine

PHENYLEPHRINE

The most stable conformation was obtained by Vconf software. The number of conformations of phenylephrine are 45. The lowest energy conformation with energy 12.8 and the number of conformations and lowest energy conformations of ephedrine are 19 and 13.78 respectively. It is optimized using Gaussian software. This section will explain the chemical composition of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine.

EPHEDRINE

Phenylephrine has a molecular formula of C₉H₁₃NO₂ and its structure consists of a phenethylamine core with a substituted hydroxyl group. The molecule contains several types of bonds including carbon-carbon (C-C), carbon-hydrogen (C-H), carbon-oxygen (C=O), and carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds. The geometry around the carbon atoms is primarily tetrahedral, with the substituents determining the specific spatial arrangement around each carbon atom. Phenylephrine consists of 25 atoms,90 electrons with two Oxygen atom one Nitrogen atom Thirteen Hydrogen atom and nine Carbon atoms. The amino group Nitrogen site is the main site of action. Nitrogen is bonded with (N3- C12), (N3-H18) and (N3-C5) the bond length is 1.45 A,1.01 Aand 1.45 A respectively. The bond length of (O2-H25) and (O2-C9) are 0.96 A and 1.36 A,(O1-H20) and(O1-C4) are 0.96 and 1.42 A. C-H single bond distance range 1.08-1.10 A.The bond angle of H20-O-C4 is 108.47⁰, H25-O2-C9 is 109.50997⁰, H18-N3-C12 is 109.49⁰ and C12-N3-C5 is 112.12⁰. Ephedrine is a molecule with several functional groups that contribute to its bonding. It contains an amine group (-NH2) and a hydroxyl group (-OH), both of which can participate in hydrogen bonding interactions. Additionally, it has a benzene ring, which can engage in aromatic stacking interactions. These various bonding interactions contribute to the overall structure and properties of ephedrine. Ephedrine consists of 27 atom 90 electrons with one oxygen atom, one nitrogen atom, fifteen Hydrogen atom and ten carbon atom. Nitrogen is bonded with (N2-C3),(N2-C9) and (N2-H18) the bond length are 1.450 A,1.457 A and 1.016 A respectively.Bond length of (O1-C4) and (O1-H21) are 1.42A and 0.96 A.C-H single bond range 1.08 to 1.10 A.C-C single bond range 1.51 to 1.53 A.Carbon -Carbon double bond range 1.39 to 1.4 A.The bond angle of (H21-O1-C4) is 108.28,(C9-N2-C3) is 113.68 and (H18-N2-C3) is 108.70.Here we considered 3 sites and the total binding energy was calculated by using the expression

Change of E =E _Complex – (E _molecule + E _Solvent) 

E_Complex is the energy of optimized molecules of different sites of complexes. E_molecule is the energy of optimized molecule. E_Solvent is the energy of optimized molecule of water, methanol and ethanol.

REFFERENCE

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        C. Fan, Y. Liu, T. Sebbah, and X. Cao, “A Theoretical Study on Terpene-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent: Relationship between Viscosity and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions,” Glob. Challenges, vol. 5, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.1002/gch2.202000103.